High-performance building 101: Your intro to voluntary above-code approaches

Going beyond what code requires to design and construct a building that can operate in a more efficient manner is the short answer. This can be done through strategies like optimizing the building envelope, including efficient mechanical systems, incorporating passive design, and integrating renewable energy sources — or all of the above. Different strategies are emphasized in the various high-performance approaches we’re about to discuss. But before we get into the particulars, it’s important to understand that there are varied levels of formality associated with these approaches. 

Some approaches are certified by a governmental organization and may qualify you for a tax credit — see ENERGY STAR certified home program and Zero Energy Ready Home (ZERH). Then, there are other approaches that include a formal certification that is administered through a nongovernmental organization, like the Passive House Institute U.S. (Phius). Finally, there are informal approaches that are implemented through a set of guidelines or through the embrace of a well-defined goal — like Pretty Good House and net zero. Whether you choose a formal program or an informal one will be determined by unique features of your project, like homeowner goals, budget, and your location. This piece will give you a starting place for better understanding the current state of the industry when it comes to energy-efficient building practices.

What is it? Created by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to promote energy efficiency, an ENERGY STAR certified home will perform at least 10% more efficiently than a code-built home, and often 20% more efficiently. In order to achieve this level of performance, homes are built using more efficient systems and materials — including windows and doors.

What are the key principles? There are various paths that can be taken to achieve the level of efficiency ENERGY STAR certification requires, but generally this approach emphasizes: 

• A tight building envelope with enhanced insulation and air sealing
• Efficient HVAC systems
• ENERGY STAR certified appliances, lighting, windows, and doors

What role do windows and doors play? This program requires windows and doors to meet specific performance criteria, including specific U-Factor and Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGC) measures. The exact performance required will depend on the climate zone — understand more about ENERGY STAR performance criteria.

How can you get the certification? Both new and existing homes can be ENERGY STAR certified. The process involves having an ENERGY STAR Certified Builder, a certification that is very easy to obtain, and a third-party verifier certify the home. Most third-party certifications will be conducted by a home certification organization (HCO). There are two nationally recognized HCOs, Residential Energy Services Network (RESNET) and Building Science Institute (BSI). The builder will work with an HCO, beginning during the planning stage, to achieve certification. ENERGY STAR has different programs, including programs for single-family, multi-family, and manufactured homes.

Other benefits? If you’re a builder, what do you get out of having a home ENERGY STAR certified? You may qualify for the 45L Tax Credit, a federal tax credit of up to $2,500. Find more information on the ENERGY STAR website.